In 2005, the European Commission (EC) officially embraced the European Charter for Researchers and the Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers. Collectively known as the Charter & Code or C & C, these guidelines play a crucial role in shaping the conduct and relationships within the research community.

The European Charter for Researchers outlines fundamental principles and requirements that delineate the roles, responsibilities, and authorities of researchers, employers, and funders across all levels. These principles serve several key purposes: (i) fostering the career development and success of researchers by defining their interactions with employers and funders, emphasizing the production, transfer, sharing, and dissemination of knowledge and technological progress; (ii) promoting the professional growth of researchers through recognition of intersectoral, international, and similar mobility; (iii) ensuring responsible and professional conduct in the working environment for researchers, employers, and funders; and (iv) acknowledging the diverse roles researchers play, including in supervisory, guidance, management, and administrative tasks, beyond their contribution to research and development.

The Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers consists of a set of overarching principles and requirements that employers and/or funders must adhere to when appointing or recruiting researchers. These principles and requirements underscore the importance of values such as transparency in the recruitment process and equal treatment of all applicants. They complement the European Charter for Researchers and serve as a benchmark for institutions and employers, reflecting their commitment to acting responsibly and respectfully. Adherence to the Code of Conduct signifies a dedication to providing fair framework conditions for researchers, thereby contributing to the advancement of the European Research Area.